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Simulations of Hydrogen Deflagrations

In the HySafe project, an extensive programme of validation and application of CFD codes to hydrogen explosions is on-going. Several organizations with different codes and approaches are involved in the task: CEA with CAST3M, GexCon and NH with FLACS (Hansen et al., 2005), FZK with COM3D (Kotchourko and Breitung, 2000), Kurchatov Institute with b0b code and the CREBCOM combustion model (Efimenko and Dorofeev, 1998), HSL/HSE and TNO with AutoReaGas, JRC with REACFLOW (Wilkening and Huld, 1999), Ulster University with Fluent. The standard benchmark problems include hydrogen explosions in a completely unconfined environment such as a 10 m radius balloon filled with stochiometric hydrogen-air mixture (Gallego et al., 2005), in a vented tube with different venting ratio, in a vented cylindrical vessel, in a mock-up re-fuelling station, in a 1/5 scale tunnel, in a real-scale tunnel and detonations in a large scale facility.

In the first (2005) and second (2007) International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, numerical investigations of CFD hydrogen explosions were presented in many papers such as in Paillere et al. (2005), in Breitung (2005), in Gallego et al.(2005), in Kotchourko (2005), Hansen et al. (2005), Molkov et. al., (2005), Nozu et al. (2005), Middha et al. (2007), Xu et al. (2007), Friedrich et al. (2007), BédardTremblay et al. (2007), Hansen and Middha (2007), Sommersel et al. (2007).

Validation calculations of hydrogen explosions using a LES approach were performed by Molkov et al. (2006) (explosion in an empty 547-m3 vented enclosure), by Hashimoto and Matsui (2007) (explosion inside two rooms connected by a duct), by Makarov et al. (2007) (explosion in a vented spherical vessel). Venetsanos et al. carried out the RANS numerical analysis of a real-accident in a Stockholm district (Venetsanos et al., 2003) and the numerical simulations of hydrogen release and explosions in an urban district and in a tunnel (Venetsanos et al., 2007).


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